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The following movie explores regenerative medicine and the spinal cord:

Neuron cells have many appendages to connect them to other neurons, to pass the messages along. The space where the neurons meet is called the synapse.

The chemical signal released by one cell binds to the next, where it gets transformed to electricity which travels along thin fibers called axons that reach out to other neurons. When the signal gets to the space between these two cells, it is converted into chemicals again, that bind to the next cell and create a chain reaction.

The axons are covered with an insulating coat to protect the electric charge.